上海新东方9月6日雅思考试回想及解析　　读者部分　　薛倩，上海新东方教师，毕业于西安外国语大学英语语言文学专业，专业八级，三级笔译，托福雅思考试高分获得者(其中读者部分完全评分)，翻译成经验丰富。曾任美国ELS中心助教，太傻留学网全职翻译成，美国求学资深顾问，爱人教育，长年专门从事国内和国外考试培训，课堂教学因材施教，平易近人热情，细致了解，缜密而朴实诙谐，课堂全线贯通东西方文化，侧重考试和实用英语双管齐下，颇受学生青睐。

　　P1：WilliamGilbertandMagnetism吉尔伯特和磁场。　　网友获取的原文和题目，如下：　　READINGPASSAGE1　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1–13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.　　WilliamGilbertandMagnetism　　TheaccreditedfatherofthescienceofelectricityandmagnetismwastheEnglishscientist,WilliamGilbert,whowasaphysicianandmanoflearningatthecourtofElizabeth.Priortohim,allthatwasknownofelectricityandmagnetismwaswhattheancientsknew,thatthelodestonepossessedmagneticpropertiesandthatamberandjet,whenrubbed,wouldattractbitsofpaperorothersubstancesofsmallspecificgravity.WilliamGilbert'sgreattreatiseDemagnete,magneticisiquecorporibus"or"OntheMagnet",printedinLatinin1600,containingthefruitsofhisresearchesandexperimentsformanyyears,indeedprovidedthebasisforanewscience.　　WilliamGilbertwasborninColchester,Suffolk,onMay24,1544.HestudiedmedicineatSt.John'sCollege,Cambridge,graduatingin1573.HewasprominentintheCollegeofPhysiciansandbecameitspresidentin1599.ThefollowingyearhewasappointedphysiciantoQueenElizabethI,andafewmonthsbeforehisdeathonDec.10,1603,physiciantoJamesI.　　TheancientGreeksknewaboutlodestones,strangemineralswiththepowertoattractiron.SomewerefoundnearthecityofMagnesiainAsiaMinor(nowTurkey),andthatcitylentitsnametoallthingsmagnetic.TheearlyChinesealsoknewaboutlodestonesandaboutironmagnetizedbythem.Aroundtheyear1000theydiscoveredthatwhenalodestoneoranironmagnetwasplacedonafloatinabowlofwater,italwayspointedsouth.Fromthisdevelopedthemagneticcompass,whichquicklyspreadtotheArabsandfromthemtoEurope.　　Britainwasamajorseafaringnationin1588whentheSpanishArmadawasdefeated,openingthewaytoBritishsettlementofAmerica.Britishshipsdependedonthemagneticcompass,yetnooneunderstoodwhyitworked.Didthepolestarattractit,asColumbusoncespeculated;orwasthereamagneticmountainatthepole,asdescribedinOdyssey,whichshipsshouldneverapproach,becausethesailorsthoughtitspullwouldyankoutalltheirironnailsandfittings?Didthesmellofgarlicinterferewiththeactionofthecompass,whichiswhyhelmsmenwereforbiddentoeatitnearaship'scompass?Fornearly20yearsWilliamGilbertconductedingeniousexperimentstounderstandmagnetism.　　"WilliamGilbertwasfascinatedbymagnets,”asDr.DavidP.SternofNASAnotes.Giventwomagnets,Gilbertknewthatmagneticpolescanattractorrepel,dependingonpolarity.Inaddition,however,ordinaryironisalwaysattractedtoamagnet.Gilbertguessed,correctly,thatnearapermanentmagnetironbecameatemporarymagnet,ofapolaritysuitableforattraction.Thatis,theendofanironbarstucktoanSpoleofamagnet(south-seekingpole)temporarilybecomesanN-pole.Becausemagneticpolesalwayscomeinmatchedpairs,theotherendofthebartemporarilybecomesanS-pole,andcaninitsturnattractmoreiron.Gilbertconfirmedhisguessoftemporary("induced")magnetismbyanoriginalexperiment.Usingstrings,hehungtwoparallelironbarsabovethepoleofaterrella,amodelearthhedesignedforthisexperiment,andnotedthattheyrepelledeachother.Undertheinfluenceoftheterrella,eachbecameatemporarymagnetwiththesamepolarities,andthetemporarypolesofeachbarrepelledthoseoftheotherone.　　In1600GilbertpublishedDemagneteinLatin.VeryquicklyitbecamethestandardworkthroughoutEuropeonelectricalandmagneticphenomena.Inthisworkhedescribesmanyofhisexperimentswithhismodelearthterrella.Fromhisexperiments,heconcludedthattheEarthwasitselfmagneticandthatthiswasthereasoncompassespointednorth.Inhisbook,healsostudiedstaticelectricityusingamber.Gilbertstronglyarguedthatelectricityandmagnetismwasnotthesamething.Forevidence,he(incorrectly)pointedoutthatelectricalattractiondisappearedwithheat,magneticattractiondidnot.Bykeepingclarity,Gilbert'sstrongdistinctionadvancedsciencefornearly250years.IttookJamesClerkMaxwelltoshowelectromagnetismis,infact,twosidesofthesamecoin.　　DeMagneteisnotonlyacomprehensivereviewofwhatwasknownaboutthenatureofmagnetism,Gilbertaddedmuchknowledgethroughhisownexperiments.HelikenedthepolarityofthemagnettothepolarityoftheEarthandbuiltanentiremagneticphilosophyonthisanalogy.InGilbert'sanimisticexplanation,magnetismwasthesouloftheEarthandaperfectlysphericallodestone,whenalignedwiththeEarth'spoles,wouldspinonitsaxis,justastheEarthspinsonitsaxisin24hours.HespeculatedthatthemoonmightalsobeamagnetcausedtoorbitbyitsmagneticattractiontotheEarth.Thiswasperhapsthefirstproposalthataforcemightcauseaheavenlyorbit.　　Gilbertdidnot,however,expressanopinionastowhetherthisrotatingEarthwasatthecenteroftheuniverseorinorbitaroundtheSun.IntraditionalcosmologytheEarthwasfixedanditwasthesphereofthefixedstars,carryingtheotherheavenswithit,whichrotatedin24hours.SincetheCopernicancosmologyneededanewphysicstoundergirdit,CopernicanssuchasJohannesKeplerandGalileowereveryinterestedinGilbert'smagneticresearches.Galileo'seffortstomakeatrulypowerfularmedlodestoneforhispatronsprobablydatefromhisreadingofGilbert'sbook.　　ThefirstmajorscientificworkproducedinEngland,Gilbert’sDemagnetereflectedanewattitudetowardscientificinvestigation.Untilthen,scientificexperimentswerenotinfashion:instead,booksreliedonquotesofancientauthoritiesandthatiswherethemythaboutgarlicinterferingwiththecompassstarted.Unlikemostmedievalthinkers,Gilbertwaswillingtorelyonsenseexperienceandhisownobservationsandexperimentsratherthantheauthoritativeopinionordeductivephilosophyofothers.Inthetreatisehenotonlycollectedandreviewedcriticallyolderknowledgeonthebehaviorofthemagnetandelectrifiedbodiesbutdescribedhisownresearches,whichhehadbeenconductingfor17years.Itwasbecauseofthisscientificattitude,togetherwithhiscontributiontoourknowledgeofmagnetism,thataunitofmagnetomotiveforce,alsoknownasmagneticpotential,wasnamedtheGilbertinhishonor.　　Questions1-8　　DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?Inboxes1–8onyouranswersheetwrite.　　TRUEifthestatementistrue　　FALSEifthestatementisfalse　　NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage　　1.ItwasGilbertwhofirstdiscoveredsomesubstanceswithmagneticproperties.　　2.Arabsinventedthemagneticcompassinwhichanironmagnetalwayspointedsouth.　　3.GilbertexplainedthephenomenonofthemagneticcompassinhisbookDemagnete.　　4.Gilbert’smistakennotionaboutthedistinctionbetweenelectricityandmagnetismheldbackthedevelopmentofscience.　　5.GilbertspeculatedthatthemoonorbitedtheEarthbymagneticforce.　　6.CopernicanssuchasGalileofavoredtraditionalcosmologywhichheldthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.　　7.Gilbert'smagnetictheoriescontradictedthetraditionalcosmology.　　8.Asascientist,Gilbertsethimselfapartbyfavoringanintuitiveapproachandexperimentsratherthanthedeductivereason.　　Questions9-13　　ChoosetheappropriatelettersA–Dandwritetheminboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.　　9.InOdyssey,whycouldnotshipsapproachthemountainatthepole?　　A.Peoplebelievedthattheywouldgetlostifgarlichamperedtheactionofthecompass.　　B.Peoplebelievedthatthepolestarwoulddistractshipsaway.　　C.Peoplebelievedthatthemagnetismwouldwrecktheship.　　D.Peoplebelievedthatthemagneticmountainwouldmakethecompassoutofwork.　　10.Bycontactingtwometalbars,onemagnetized,theotherneutral,hewasabletopassonachargetotheneutralbar.Hecalledthis___________　　A.inducedmagnetism.　　B.permanentmagnetism.　　C.terrellamagnetism.　　D.polarmagnetism.　　11.InDemagnete,Gilbert___________discussedelectricity,magnetismandheat.　　A.emphatically　　B.scientifically　　C.wrongly　　D.passionately　　12.JamesClerkMaxwelldemonstratedthat____________　　A.electricityandmagnetismwasthesamething.　　B.electricalandmagneticattractiondisappearedwithheat.　　C.therewassomerelationshipbetweenelectricityandmagnetism.　　D.electromagnetismhastwooppositesides.　　13.Gilbert’sDemagnete,acollectionofhistheoriesandexperimentsandreflectionsonothers’workiscommonlyknownas_____________　　A.anessay.　　B.atreatise.　　C.avolume.　　D.acontribution.　　P2：儿童的发展教育受到多种因素的影响。;a5e0~/k,a)X　　P3：给technicalworker获取artbased培训　　引荐课程：上海新东方雅思培训编辑引荐》》[预测]李晓刚：9月15日雅思口语预测[回想]9月6日雅思考试回想（网友版）[经验]雅思8.。

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